http://khan.smarthistory.org/
- Pieter Brueghel
- Jan Brueghel
- Albrecht Dürer
- Lorenzo Ghiberti
- Hans
Holbein
- Jan van Eyck
- Donatello
- Brunelleschi
- Leonardo
da Vinci
- Michelangelo
Buonarroti
- Titian
- Botticelli
- Ghiberti
- Giotto
- Raphael
- Filippo Brunelleschi
You may notice that some of the more recognizable artists, especially from Italy (Leonardo/Michelangelo),
are only discussed in the video on the link's homepage. If you choose to select one of them
(they need to be covered) please use an additional source. Also, if you would like to choose an artist
that is not found on the website provided, you can absolutely choose someone else from the text or notes.
This Blog will be due by Midnight on September 15th. Any questions, please email me.
Sandro Botticelli was born in 1445 as Alessandro di Marino Filipepi in the city of Florence. As a young boy he withdrew from school and was sent to work as an apprentice under Maso Finiguerra who was a goldsmith before he entered Fra Filippo Lippi’s art studio. From there he begna his career painting frescos in Florence and also worked with Antonio del Pollaiuolo, a painter and engraver, before he oned his own workshop. His early works followed the popular style in Florence which placed importance on the human figure. Soon after obtaining his workshop he joined the Compagnia di San Luca which was a group of Florentine painters in 1472. From being an apprentice to Fra Filippo he earned contacts such as the Medici family. Botticelli worked for the Medici family and their friends for most of his life, painting secular paintings such as “Primavera”.
ReplyDeleteIn 1481, Botticelli was summoned by the Pope Sixtus IV of Rome to help decorate the walls of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. There he painted many frescos which depicted scenes from the Life of Moses and the Temptations of Christ; this task demonstrated that Botticelli was a highly regarded artist and was extremely well known. The period from 1478 to 1490 was when Botticelli was at his peak—he produced his famous mythological works “ The Birth of Venus and “Venus and Mars”. After 1490 Bottcelli focused o paintings with numerous small figures making the surface of the picture seem alive ( i.e the Crucification). The last fifteen years of Botticelli’s life, everything seemed to be falling apart. During this time the Medici family had been expelled from Florence and Italy’s peace was disrupted by invasion and plague.
Botticelli’ achievements rapidly declined after Savonarola, the Floretine monk came to power; Savonarola condoned and encouraged the buring of works of art and books that were deemed “ungodly”. Botticelli was a follower of Savonarola and he even took part in destroying many of his own works of art. Even after the downfall of Savonarola, Botticelli had success as an alterpiece painter but he struggled to keep up with revolutionary changes in art of the time period—Leoardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo ushed Botticelli’s works from the spotlight. Botticelli died in 1510 and his nam disappeared until the late 19th century.
Sources:
http://www.artble.com/artists/sandro_botticelli
http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/sandro-botticelli
Artwork:
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Botticelli_Trinity.jpg&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_by_Sandro_Botticelli&h=1048&w=950&sz=240&tbnid=3mSqBdGrEFC0mM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=82&zoom=1&usg=__aRm4HyD9THkUd2niMPepLaH1ah4=&docid=JNjuNLEbQoY4cM&sa=X&ei=67A0UuvQLYL-4APo2IHIAQ&ved=0CDcQ9QEwBA&dur=0 The crucification
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_Primavera_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/800px-Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_Primavera_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Primavera
http://www.artble.com/imgs/9/b/3/416525/birth_of_venus.jpg The Birth of Venus
http://cache2.artprintimages.com/p/LRG/13/1350/dhzs000z/botticelli-VenusandMarscirca1485_11724742_400_300_.jpg Venus and Mars
http://www.wga.hu/art/b/botticel/4sistina/kora.jpg Sistine Chapel
Albrecht Dürer was a German artist, painter, theorist, and printmaker. Dürer was born on May 21, 1471 in Nuremberg, Germany. He was the third born child in his family, which had about eighteen children in total. In his family, his godfather, Anton Koberger abandoned his occupation of a goldsmith just after Albrecht was born to become a printer and publisher in Germany. He gradually became the most successful publisher in all of Germany. Furthermore, at an early age he we was appointed as an apprentice to Michael Wolgemut. Wolgemut was the most successful artist in Nuremberg at the time and the city itself served as a strong publishing cite, in addition to its s very strong trade ties with Venice because of the short distance. After this, he went on a series of travels across different parts of Europe and he studied with many famous artisans. For instance he worked with Martin Schongauer and he traveled to lands in the Netherlands. Further, he returned to Nuremberg and was wed to Agnes Frey and they produced to children whatsoever. He later went to Italy to gain more knowledge about the advanced artistic world. He would travel to Italy and back again twice in his lifetime and during this time he gained valuable knowledge to construct pieces of art along the way. Although after his second return in1521, he settled in and worked peacefully on his art until his death in 1539.
ReplyDeleteThis individual was a major figure in the Northern Renaissance with his influential contributions of art and specifically printmaking. He was most known for his phenomenal ability of printmaking which is the process of creating artworks by printing. Printing is the process of making texts and images, usually with ink on a piece of paper using a printing press. In the process of printmaking, he specialized in woodcuts which is the process in which an image is carved into the surface of a piece of wood. This process of printmaking is what established his name in society and throughout all of Europe. His types of work include religious works, altarpieces, copper engravings, and portraits. His most famous art works is named “Knight, Death and the Devil.”
• http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/43.106.2 - Most famous work
• http://www.albrecht-durer.org/ - Other major pieces.
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni or Now known as Michelangelo was born march 6 1475 and died february 8 1564.Michelangelo was in his late 20s when he created the magnificent David, this and more of his artwork seem superhuman that is why he is called “il Divino” which translates to the divine one. Michelangelo along with his sculpting painted the sistine chapel and also Designed buildings. Michelangelo even dabbled in poetry.
ReplyDeleteIn 1509 michelangelo started painting the sistine chapel for pope julius the second . He did not finish until 1512. Any time he messed up he had to break the whole fresco and start again. soon he got better he was breaking less and painting more. Michelangelo planned the whole sistine chapel but he had many assistance helping him mix paints and deliver things to him and sometimes the assistance were able to paint the sky or landscape.Michelangelo had to paint 5000 square ft of fresco 65 ft in the air while laying on his back on top of scaffolding. The fresco has so many different panels the most famous being God creating Adam.
http://khan.smarthistory.org/michelangelo.html
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/The-Measure-of-Genius-Michelangelos-Sistine-Chapel-at-500.html
Giotto di Bandone was a painter whose high point lapsed late medieval times and very early Renaissance periods. He was born in 1266 and died in 1337, aged about 70 years, which was remarkably old for his time. He is generally considered to be the first in a line of great Renaissance painters, as his painting style greatly differed from the Byzantine norms of the late Middle Ages. He was one of the first major artists to introduce shading and linear perspective as a means to convey realism in his works. He was given a salary from the Comune of Florence "in virtue of his talent and excellence," so says the banker and chronicler of his time Giovanni Villani.
ReplyDeleteHis most famous work is the frescoes of the Scovregni Chapel, also known as the Arena Chapel due to its proximity to the Roman arena. The chapel itself and the frescoes were commissioned by Enrico degli Scovregni, some speculate as penitence for his sin of usury, or charging interest on loans, which was frowned upon in his time. The frescoes are concerned entirely with the life of Mary and Jesus. The paintings depict Mary's early life and the miracles of Jesus. In each painting, Jesus is looking to the right, which directs the viewer to the next part of the cycle. This trend ends with the painting depicting Judas' kiss. These paintings depict Giotto's style of shading to emulate realism in the painting, which is the precedent for countless painters who will come after him in the Renaissance.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-36-_-_Lamentation_(The_Mourning_of_Christ).jpg
http://www.wga.hu/art/g/giotto/padova/00viev.jpg
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, more commonly known as Raphael, was born in the small, but significant city of Urbino in the papal state of Marche in March or April, 1483. The city of Urbino was home to the court of Frederico III da Montefeltro, who was an influential patron of the arts, and whom, Raphael’s father, Giovanni Santi, painted, sculpted, and wrote for. His biographer, Giorgio Vasari, states that Raphael had helped his father with many of his artistic endeavors, and he displayed unmatched talent in his early years. He also was believed to be upstanding in his manners and personal conduct, and was very much loved by all not only for his art. He studied under Master Pietro Perugino, and he modeled much of his own style after his teacher’s.
ReplyDeleteHe lived in Florence for four years, 1504-1508, and while there, he greatly admired Michelangelo’s work; though he admired his work, many art historians consider them to have been rivals. Here, it is believed that he began to develop his own distinct style, which depicted influences from artists like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Fra Bartolomeo.
In 1508, he moved to Rome and lived there for the remainder of his life. He was commissioned by Pope Julius II—his portrait of whom is considered one of the best in history-- to paint his personal library, artistically detailing the schools of philosophy, poetry, law and theology. Among these frescoes was his most famous work, The School of Athens. After Julius II died, he worked under Pope Leo X, who commissioned to painting of the Sistine Chapel. Since Raphael was close friends with the architect of the chapel, he was one of the first to see the completed piece.
In The School of Athens, Raphael puts the faces of his contemporaries like Michelangelo and da Vinci on the philosophers Aristotle and Plato, and even inserts a self-portrait among the many other figures. In the fresco, Plato is pointing upward because of his belief that reality is only a subordinate of a higher one, and Aristotle is pointing downward because of his stance that the only reality is the one we see and feel. Pythagoras is also depicted holding a globe because of his expertise in the field of astronomy.
He died on April 6th, 1520, believed to be his 37th birthday, on Good Friday. It is speculated that the cause of his death was a night of excessive sex with his mistress “La Fornarina,” Margherita Luti, after which he contracted a fever. His doctors gave him the wrong cure after he wouldn’t tell them the cause of his illness, which led to his untimely death.
Sources:
The School of Athens: http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/school-of-athens.html
Julius II: http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/raphael-portrait-of-pope-julius-ii
http://totallyhistory.com/raphael-sanzio/
[The textbook]
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteI'm doing Lorenzo Ghiberti ~ Kayla
ReplyDeleteDonato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi, most commonly known as Donatello, was born in Florence to Niccolo di Betto Bardi, a member of the Florentine Wool Combers Guild. Although his exact birthdate remains unknown, it is speculated that he was born in 1386. Because of his father’s profession, Donatello’s artistic education began at an early age in the house of the Martelli Family, a wealthy family of art patrons associated closely with the powerful Medici family. Later on in his life, Donatello worked under apprenticeship in Lorenzo Ghiberti’s studio, another Renaissance artist most commonly known for his success in metal sculpting. Donatello spent most of him time working in Northern Italian citizens sculpting figures for patrons. While working with Ghiberti, he made a commission working in goldsmiths’ shops. Donatello’s unique expression of naturalism became popular, and his use of perspective created depth in creations never seen before. This displayed his potential that would later largely influence the rest of the Italian Renaissance Art movement, most notably the father of sculpting himself, Michelangelo.
ReplyDeleteDonatello beat out his competition, Filippo Brunelleschi, for commission from the Florence Baptistery to fund most of his early projects, and to pay for him for to decorate the church. During his middle ages he worked in between northern city states in Italy using mostly marble and bronze as his media to sculpt. It took Donatello a while to access his point of creativity and individuality that set him apart from other sculptors, his first work to display such distinct technique and skills could be considered the marble figure St. Mark. Donatello’s never before seen skills included an array of emotions which were expressed through the pieces themselves. Through the rise of Donatello’s popularity, Cosimo de’ Medici became a patron of Donatello and commissioned for one his most famous works, a statue of David in bronze. This statue should not be confused with Michelangelo’s David. Instead, Donatello’s David symbolized clarity of thought and triumph over barbarism and inhumanity. For the latter part of his life, Donatello returned to Florence, where he passed away in 1466 , and was buried next to Cosimo de’ Medici the Elder.
Bronze David
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Florence_-_David_by_Donatello.jpg
sources:
Deletehttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dona/hd_dona.htm
http://www.biography.com/people/donatello-21032601?page=2
I am going to do da Vinci if nobody minds. --- Jesse
ReplyDeleteI'm working on van Eyck. ~Julia
ReplyDeleteLorenzo Ghiberti, originally known as Lorenzo di Bartolo, was a Florentine Italian artist best known for the creation of the bronze doors of The Baptistry of Florence Cathedral. Born in 1378 Ghiberti spent his early years training as a sculptor and goldsmith under his father, Bartoluccio Ghiberti. At the age of 21 Ghiberti was admitted to the "Silk and Gold" guide as an apprentice and passed his examination to become a guild master goldsmith. In the 1400's Ghiberti traveled Rimini to escape the plague where he furthered his training of art. In 1401 Lorenzo began to work for a commission sponsored by the Arte di Calimala (Cloth Importers Guild) to sculpt a pair of bronze doors for the Baptistry of Florence. Later that year he began his creation of the doors which depicted a set of 28 Old Testament scenes which changed to an incorporation of The New Testaments with Filippo Brunelleschi another famous Italian artist.
ReplyDeleteHis creation of the doors, also know as The Gates of Paradise are considered one of the greatest masterpieces of the Quattrocento. The doors reflect not only a biblical image but reflect his humanism later shown in his literary work The Commentarii. The Commentarii
is a three part novel which reflects his humanistic beliefs that ancient art wasn't equal. The novel contains his praise to Italian painter Ambrogio Lorenzetti, whose naturalist settings portrayed his own work. The books remained unfinished due to his death in 1445. However, before his death Ghiberti established a studio where Donatello would later serve as an apprentice under Ghiberti and other renounced Italian artists.
Kayla Miller
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&q=lorenzo+ghiberti+gates+of+paradise&oq=Lorenzo+Ghiberti+&gs_l=img.1.2.0l10.2088.7196.0.9166.17.11.0.6.6.0.212.1268.3j7j1.11.0....0...1ac.1.26.img..1.16.1261.o-Dakrp-zYk&biw=768&bih=928&sei=WFc2UquHMujD4AP-i4DQBw#biv=i%7C3%3Bd%7CJ9OqDbW8FN0tvM%3A
DeleteFlemish artist Jan van Eyck is the most famous painter of the van Eyck family, and one of the most significant painters of the Northern European Renaissance. He was born around 1390 in most likely Maaseik, Belgium to a family of artists. His most famous work, the Ghent Altarpiece, is believed to be a collaboration between Jan and his brother Hubert van Eyck. Because Hubert began the piece and Jan completed it, it is difficult to determine which figures in the piece were painted by which van Eyck. Jan van Eyck used Greek and Hebrew letters in many of the inscriptions of his works. This suggests that like most Renaissance figures, he was well-educated in the classics. It is also suggested that he and his family were of the gentry class, judging by the coat of arms and even van Eyck’s tombstone. A picture of the coat of arms is attached below.
ReplyDeleteVan Eyck had an unusually high social standing, for a painter. He held a position in the court of John of Bavaria at first, and then took on a prestigious position with Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. Under the Duke, he traveled on numerous diplomatic missions. One of his tasks was to paint Isabella of Portugal, the Duke’s future bride. This way, the Duke could picture Isabella before he married her. Van Eyck, however, painted his subjects exactly as he appeared: dignified, but not necessarily attractive. This is one of the main characteristics of a Northern Renaissance painter. Van Eyck also liked to promote his name and reputation by signing and dating his paintings, which was unusual for an artist to do at this time. He had a personal motto in Greek, which was “Als ich kan,” or “As well as I can.”
Van Eyck was a master of pictorial illusionism in his oil paintings. This can be seen in his “Crucifixion” piece (link below). The work of van Eyck is truly captured in “Ghent Altarpiece.” The realism in this piece is carried over to the themes of late medieval art. The massive piece consists of 12 panels, all displaying religious figures and scenes. It contains Adam and Eve, musical angels, the Fountain of Life, the “Adoration of the Lamb of God,” and many, many others. It is one of van Eyck’s most famous pieces, and displays the incredible detail and dedication of the Renaissance artist. Van Eyck died in Bruges in the year 1441. From his portraits to his multi-paneled pieces, van Eyck will always be remembered as one of the greatest artists of the Northern Renaissance.
Sources: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/eyck/hd_eyck.htm
Deletehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck
Van Eyck Coat of Arms: http://i1.cpcache.com/product/64331344/van_eyck_coat_of_arms_tile_coaster.jpg?height=460&width=460&qv=90
Crucifixion: http://www.friendsofart.net/static/images/art1/jan-van-eyck-crucifixion.jpg
Ghent Altarpiece: http://www.thehistoryblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/open-altarpiece.jpg
Dibs on Brunelleshi~
ReplyDeleteFives on Hans Holbein :0
ReplyDeleteLeonardo da Vinci, full name being Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, was born on April 15, 1452. He was born in the town of Vinci, which was in the territory of Florence while it was under Medici rule. His father was a wealthy man and his mother was a peasant, but they were not married. Leonardo lived with his mother for the first five years of his life, but then went to live with his father, grandparents, and uncle. He received an informal education in Latin, geometry, and math during his early years. Leonardo was what is known as an Italian Renaissance polymath. He was a painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer. At the age of fourteen in 1466, he was apprenticed to the artist known as Verrocchio. Other than artistic skills such as drawing, painting, and sculpting, he was also exposed to things like chemistry, carpentry, leather working, and metal working.
ReplyDeleteProfessionally, Leonardo da Vinci was the prime example of a Renaissance man. He may not be known as the best painter of the time, but he did paint some extremely popular. He painted The Last Supper, the Virgin of the Rocks, and the Mona Lisa. Da Vinci was also well known in almost every other field. For example, he was an extremely talented at drawing. Some of his best and most notable works are the Vitruvian Man and The Virgin and Child with St. Anne and St. John the Baptist. Leonardo also studied anatomy. He was given permission to dissect human corpses because he was a successful artist so many of his drawings and his studies were extremely ahead of his time. Lastly, he was ahead of his time as an engineer as well. There are drawings for multiple instruments, the hang glider, and a machine resembling a helicopter.
---Jesse
Filippo Brunelleschi, born in 1377 in Florence, Italy, was one of the most famous architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance. Brunelleschi’s most remarkable contribution to the art world is the discovery of perspective. As a boy, he was taught literature and mathematics as he was intended to be a civil servant like his father. Brunelleschi realized his artistic inclination, though, and became enrolled in Arte dela Seta, the silk merchant’s guild which also included working with metals. Becoming a goldsmith, he received an important building commission, the Ospedale degli Innocenti, from the Arte dela Seta guild.
ReplyDeleteBrunelleschi made his transition from goldsmith to architect when he travelled to Rome with his close friend, Donatello, during the growth of the humanism movement. There they studied closely the remains of the Roman Empire. These studies influenced Brunelleschi’s future designs in Florence. His first architectural commission came to build the Ospedale degli Innocenti, otherwise known as the “Foundling Hospital.” Numerous commissions for chapels came following, in which he took ideas from the Foundling Hospital, which clearly referenced the classical structures of Rome. These smaller works lead up to Brunelleschi’s greatest and most notable achievement, the Florence Cathedral’s dome. The Cathedral had been build without a dome, and it seemed to all the other Florence architects that the task to build a dome of such a large size would be wildly impossible without forbidden buttresses. Ghiberti and Brunelleschi competed for the chance to design and build this monumental structure on top of Florence’s remarkable Cathedral. Brunelleschi proved victorious over the other architect, who had previously defeated him in a door-designing contest earlier in his career. This victory and accomplishment marked Brunelleschi as one of the greatest architects of the Italian Renaissance.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZGVHCYAZHvg/UX6K5J5qWlI/AAAAAAAAAVA/y0URyS0iZ3A/s640/View_of_the_Duomo's_dome,_Florence.jpg
DeleteHans Holbein the Younger was the son of Hans Holbein the Elder, and it was from his father that he learned how to paint. Hans the Elder painted religious and richly colored works with a Gothic style. His later paintings demonstrate a transition from this Gothic style to a more classical Renaissance style. Born in 1497, Hans the Younger took on this newer classical style in his works, and in 1515, he and his brother Ambrosius went to Basil, Switzerland where he was befriended by the famous Dutch humanist Erasmus. Hans was asked to illustrate Erasmus's satire, Encomium Moriae. He also illustrated other books, including Martin Luther's German translation of the bible. In addition, Hans painted pictures and portraits, and like his father, he designed stained-glass windows. Some of these paintings include Sir Brian Tuke, The Virgin and Child with the family of Burgomaster Meyer, Georg Gisze, and Sir Richard Southwell. In around 1525 he set out for London with a letter of introduction from Erasmus to Sir Thomas More, where he was met favorably. Three years later he returned to Basil and painted portraits and murals for the town hall, and then left his wife and children four years later to travel back to London. It was here that he was appointed court painter to Henry VIII and gained his fame for his wonderful portraits. He was in high demand during this period, as he completed more than one hundred miniature and full-sized portraits. His works were said to have been very realistic as to their lifelike size and fine detail, although he did not necessarily factor the personality of whom he painted into his work. He performed a number of services for Henry VIII, ranging from designing his state robes to making drawings of all kinds of items used by the royal household. Hans was still working on a portrait of the king when he died in 1543 because of the bubonic plague. Overall, Hans was very detailed on the faces in his works, using his drawings as a sort of guide for his final paintings, and he usually did not include the hands in these drawings.
ReplyDeletehttp://www.hans-holbein.org/biography.html
http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/holbein/